NOUN GST104 COURSE SUMMARY (DOWNLOAD)

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The Concept of a Library

Before we go into the types of libraries, let us first understand the  concept of a library. 

The word library which is “librairie” in French and in Latin “Liber” means book. It is an  organized collection of resources made accessible to a defined community for reference or borrowing. 

It provides physical or digital access to material, and may be a physical  building or room, or a virtual Space, or both. 

A library’s collection can include books, periodicals, newspapers, manuscripts, film , maps, prints, documents, microform, CDs, cassettes,      videotapes, DVDs, e-books, audio books, databases, and other formats.

Libraries range in size from a few shelves of books to several million items.

Types of Libraries

Academic Libraries:

These are libraries of academic institutions such as universities, Polytechnics and Colleges  of education. The purpose of establishing these libraries is to meet the information needs of staff and students in the institutions they belong.

Function of Academic Libraries:

1. Provision of research information resources in line with the needs of the staff and  students.

2. Provision of information materials as required for the academic programmes of the parent institutions.

3. Provision of information resources for recreation and for personal self-development of users.

4. Provision of specialized information services to appropriate sections of the larger community.

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Public Libraries:

Public library is a library that is open to everybody and is generally accessible by the public.

Its source of funding is public taxes and operated by civil servants.

There are five fundamental characteristics shared by public libraries. The first is that they are generally supported by taxes (usually local, federal or state government may contribute); they are under a board to serve the public; they are open to all and all community members can access their collections; public libraries provide basic services without charge (Rubin, 2010).

The presence of a public library in a community is an indication that the community is literate.

National Libraries:

National libraries are specially established by the government of the nation to serve as the prominent repository of information for that country. Unlike public libraries, national libraries rarely allow citizens to borrow books.

Functions of National Libraries

1. To act as the legal depository and bibliographic Centre of the nation

2. To give advice or library development or organization to any agency of the federal,  state or local government.

3. To have a responsibility for the  national bibliography and development of bibliographic services.

Types of Information Sources

Information is being generated and transmitted by individuals on daily basis. Information  seekers consult various sources to satisfy their information needs. There are basically three sources of information, namely primary, secondary and tertiary sources of information.

Primary Sources:

Primary sources are original materials on which other sources of information are based.  They report a discovery or share new information.

Secondary Sources:

Secondary sources of information are created from primary sources of information. The authors (creators) of secondary sources did not have first – hand experience of the event being researched.

Secondary sources give accounts of facts by describing, analysing, interpreting, evaluating, commenting or discussing evidence provided by primary sources.

Tertiary Sources:

Tertiary sources of information act as pointers to primary and secondary sources. In fact,  tertiary sources are:

1. Works that list primary and secondary resources in a specific area.

2. Works  which  index,  organize  and  compile  citations  to secondary  sources. Examples  of   tertiary   sources include, chronologies, bibliographies, indexes, encyclopaedias, and  directories.

Different Types of Database

Databases are vital resource tools for  your research. 

A database is a searchable collection of published works. It is an electronic  (online) catalog or index.

The library pays for access, however some databases are free for you to use. The database helps the researcher to find reliable information from trusted sources. A database may be dedicated to a single subject or cover several subjects.

Some known databases are: ABI/Inform, Academic search, JSTOR, LEXISNEXIS Academic, PSYC/NFO, PubMed/Medline, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science.

EBSCO:

EBSCO is the largest, multidiscipline, full text database.

It provides resources for all academics, medical, corporate, government public libraries & Law. 

EBSCO host about 375 full-text databases.

ERIC:

ERIC is the world’s most widely used database in education. 

It contains over 1.5 million journals articles, research reports, curriculum and teaching guides, conference papers, dissertations and theses and books.

Good Study Methods

There are steps you must take in order  to develop good study skills.

1. Making and Keeping a Study Schedule

Students must have a functional reading schedule where specific hours are set aside for reading each day. This schedule must be faithfully kept from day-to day.

The amount of time needed for study will vary for each individual. An average of four hours of study each day is recommended.

2. Studying in an Appropriate Setting — Same Time, Same Place, Every Day

A conducive environment such as a library, or/and a study room at home is  recommended for study. This will facilitate comprehension since it is expected that the environment is not only quiet but cool and has all necessary facilities for study. Have a specific place for your study.

3. Equipping Your Study Area with All the Materials You Need

Ensure that when you visit the library that you go with all necessary reading materials/resources such as: Recommended textbooks, e-resources on your laptops, pencils, pens, erasers, etc.

With your materials at hand, you can study without interruption.

Put your phone on silence and take only emergency calls. Studying is a serious business. You can return the calls after you have finished studying.

4. Not Relying on Inspiration for Motivation

Students must not leave studying time to when they feel like.

You must stick to your daily  schedule for studying whether you are motivated or not. 

Get yourself motivated. One method of doing this is by moving from the known to the  unknown or by reading for pleasure.

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